The zeroth-order parallel-plates mode dominates in most parts of the power-ground plates pairs. Domains with such mode distribution can be solved by a simplified 2D algorithm, while only higher-order modes require 3D computation. For DGTD method, different domains can be decoupled with each other by the numerical flux. To distinguish 2D and 3D domains properly, the field distribution has to be known before it is actually solved. This paradox is walked around by a predictive criterion which roughly predicts tn's field distribution based on tn-1's results. Here we introduce an adaptive criterion based on the CFL condition to realize such…

The 2-D/3-D hybrid discontinuous Galerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is efficient to deal with structures that contain elements capable of 2-D simplification. To separate 2-D elements from 3-D ones, a criterion for approximation error manipulation is required. However, in the latest reported technique, this kind of criterion is derived from the causality principle and the Courant–Freidrichs–Lewy constraint, and thus is indirect and inessential to 2-D simplification. As a result, some elements capable of 2-D simplification are unnecessarily flagged as 3-D ones, deteriorating efficiency dramatically. Moreover, controlling absolute error, the traditional criterion is not flexible for structures with complex mode distribution. In…

The 2-D/3-D hybrid discontinuous Galerkin time domain (DGTD) method is efficient to deal with power-ground structures that contain elements capable of 2-D simplification. To generalize the capability of the 2-D/3-D DGTD method to deal with various complex structures in engineering design, a criterion is proposed to differentiate 2-D and 3-D elements adaptively. For domain decomposition criterion at time steptn, the electromagnetic field distribution at the previous time steptn-1is analyzed to identify the zeroth-order parallel-plates mode domain. Compared with the classical static distance criterion, this new adaptive criterion makes the approximation error under control, thus enhancing the stability. The 2-D simplification…

A hybrid 2-D and 3-D discontinuous Garlerkin time-domain (DGTD) method is proposed for transient analysis of multiple arbitrarily shaped antipads in a dispersive parallel-plate pair. In the proposed hybrid method, the domains where only the zeroth-order parallel-plate mode exists are modeled by the 2-D DGTD, and the remaining domains are modeled by the 3-D DGTD. Each element is independent with others, thus easily parallelizable. Because higher order modes will propagate in the parallel-plate pair, the spatial domain decomposition should be time-dependent. For domain decomposition criterion at time step $\text t_\text n$ , the electromagnetic field distribution at the previous time…

Electromagnetic radiation for a printed circuit board (PCB) midplane connector is studied in this paper. By applying integral-equation (IE) based method and characteristic mode (CM) analysis, the current is split into radiating and non-radiating ones. The radiated power from each part of the structure can be quantified using the radiating current. Therefore, the radiation hot spot can be identified for both edge-side coupled and broad-side coupled connectors. Furthermore, the radiation characteristics for these connectors are compared. Read more Ying S. Cao, Xu Wang, Wending Mai, Yansheng Wang, Lijun Jiang, Albert E. Ruehli, Shiquan He, Huapeng Zhao, Jun Hu, Jun Fan,…

An efficient hybrid 3D and 2D discontinuous Garlerkin time-domain (DGTD) methods is proposed for signal/power integrity analysis of multiple arbitrarily shaped anti-pads in power-ground. The entire structure is decomposed into anti-pad-domain (3D) and plate-domain (2D). Complicated fields exist around anti-pad, yet, in plate domain, only zeroth-order parallel-plate mode exists. Therefore, triangular prism element (3D) could be simplified as triangle element (2D), which has fewer unknowns. The accuracy of the hybrid method has been validated by comparison with commercial software. Its flexibility, and enhancement of efficiency, are also demonstrated. Read more Wending Mai, and Jun Hu